The plans for a Karachi tramway system were made in February 1881, and work started in October 1884. During the same year, when troops of Company Bahadur arrived, it established a new military cantonment area meant only for the `white’ with limited access to the local population. The city became the provincial capital of Sindh in 1936. Behram Sohrab H. J. Rustomji (1952), Karachi, 1839-1947: a short history of the foundation and growth of Karachi, Karachi: Kitabistan; Herbert Feldman (1970), Karachi through a hundred years: the centenary history of the Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 1860-1960 (2nd ed. Home Debal History of Karachi Karachi Krokola Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis Mirza Ghazi Beg Pakistan Sindh Sindhi History of Karachi. Then came the ancient Greeks who called this port by many names, including Krokola. Ordered Disorder and the Struggle for the City, tells the story of a city described seven decades ago as the “city of lights”, but now often portrayed as one of the world's most chaotic and dangerous metropolises. And as the ranks swelled, so did the problems faced by the city’s original dwellers. Advertisement. Thousands of Biharis and Bengalis arrived in the city, and today Karachi is home to between one and two million migrants from Bangladesh. Then came the ancient Greeks who called this port by many names, including Krokola. The horses wore straw hats to avoid sunstroke and water for them was provided by the philanthropic "Drinking Trough Society of Karachi." By means of the usage of 1852, Karachi has become a base with a populace of 14,000 and a rich remote places exchange. History of Karachi Prehistory. The Karachi tramway system was the brain child of Karachi’s Municipal Secretary and Engineer James Strachan. Post History. With the city’s infrastructure already overburdened to the breaking point, fully one-third of these new arrivals were forced to take up residence in urban shantytowns known as katchi abadis, which ordinarily lacked power, running water, or sanitation. If historical references are to be believed, Karachi’s known history dates back to almost 500 BC. By 1891, statistics showed a population of about 105,000 and by the time the 19th century drew to a close, Karachi had 117,000 inhabitants as of 1901. In order to protect their village, the Sindhi sailors imported cannons from Oman and Muscat and the local populace constructed a small fort with two gateways. Home History of Karachi Vanished Heritage TURN OF THE CENTURY - 1900's. Although Rawalpindi became the interim capital in 1959, before the capital permanently moved to Islamabad in 1969, Karachi maintained its preeminence as Pakistan’s business and industrial hub. The delivery of basic city services remained an ongoing problem for Karachi into the 21st century. They brought with them a weapons and drugs culture, and changed the ethos of the city forever. Abdullah Shah Ghazi, one of the greatest Sufi saints of Sindh and also Ahl al-Bayt (from the family of Prophet Muhammad PBUH) arrived here from Kufa as a horse merchant-cum-trader in 760. It served as a center of administration in the first years of independence before Rawalpindi became Pakistan’s interim capital in … When the Punjab emerged as the granary of India in the 1890s, Karachi became the region’s principal outlet. Karachi was reputedly founded as "Kolachi" by Baloch tribes from Balochistan andMakran, who established a small fishing community in the area. They inundated one fifth of the country and brought in thousands of flood refugees from interior Sindh. Karachi originally was a small fisherman village settled by the Baloch tribes from Balochistan and Makran. It is also Pakistan’s principal seaport and a major commercial and industrial center. By 1914 it had become the largest grain exporting port of the British Empire. The area of Karachi was known to the ancient Greeks as Krokola, where Alexander the Great camped in Sindh to prepare a fleet for ancient Iran. After a few expeditions, the British East India Company, captured the town, two days after the Royal navy ship HMS Wellesley anchored off Manora Island on February 1, 1839. The prolonged Soviet war and occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s and 1990s brought thousands of Afghan refugees into the country and many of them settled in Afghan bastis on the outskirts of Karachi. The people of the original community yet inhabit the area on small island of Abdullah Goth situated near Karachi Port. Karachi has Pakistan's first nuclear site KANUP in 1952 from Canada. Known for his bravery, he was called Ghazi and was buried along with his brother where his shrine now stands. Mit 14,9 Millionen Einwohnern (2017) ist Karatschi eine der größten Städte der Welt. The British Raj realised Karachi’s strategic importance very early on, and embarked on large-scale modernisation of the city. These earliest inhabitants are believed to have been hunter-gatherers, with ancient flint tools discovered at several sites. Karachi, city and capital of Sindh province in southern Pakistan and the country’s largest city. 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North Nazimabad was developed as a residential area for federal government employees and was ranked as the most modern town planned in Karachi, designed in the late ’50s by Italian planners and architects, Carlo Scarpa and Aldo Rossi. And despite the capital being shifted to Islamabad in 1958, it didn’t stop the city from remaining the economic jugular of the country in the 1960s and beyond — and even to date. History of Karachi by KHAWAJA UMER FAROOQ. The earliest account of the area where Karachi is located can be found in the record books of one of Alexander-the-Great's admirals, who sailed back home from the Greek expedition to India, from a harbor by the Indus delta, known as Krokola. Their first settlement was near the delta of the Indus River which they named as 'Kolachi’ village. Many who were housed in Labour Square were never to return to their villages, as many were poor tenant farmers who saw Karachi as a city of growth and opportunity. Love it or hate it, Karachi halwa embodies this entangled history. Karachi, 1948: Hundreds of temporary camps housing government officials, who ran matters of the country and the city from inside these dusty tents. Debal was fortified during the Mughal period to ward off invasions by Portuguese colonial ships, but it was attacked in 1568 by Portuguese Admiral Fernão Mendes Pinto in an attempt to destroy the Ottoman ships anchored at the Debal port. From the terrain it seems to be that Karachi was under the sea during the last stone age period however tall islands like Abdullah Shah Ghazi might have some sort of homosapian population. An amalgam of history, hybrid communities, crime and politics, Karachi defies the imagination – and despair. [1] The Arabs knew it as the port of Debal, from where Muhammad bin Qasim led his conquering force into Sindh (the western corner of South Asia) in AD 712. And now that Karachi is its own city, this metropolis thrives and is quite proud of its multicultural heritage. Descendants of the original community still live in the area on the small island of Abdullah Goth, which is located near the Karachi Port.The original name "Kolachi" survives in the name of a well-known Karachi locality named Mai Kolachi in Balochi. This number had risen to 56,000 by 1872, and kept on growing. By 1924 an aerodrome had been built, and Karachi became the main airport of entry to India. The settlement at the port became an integral part of Sindh’s Talpur dynasty in 1720 and grew into a village by the name of Kolachi-jo-Goth (village of Kolachi) and began trading with Muscat and the Persian Gulf in the late 1720s. That was, and is, the insurmountable resilience and never-say-die spirit of the people who call Karachi home. When it became the capital after Pakistan’s Independence in 1947, it witnessed the first mass migration as its Hindu and Sikh residents migrated to India, to be replaced by Muslim refugees who had fled that country. It then became an army headquarters for the British and also began to develop from a fishing village into the principal port for the Indus River region. It was during the movement for independence that Karachi saw, for the first time, outbreaks of communal violence between Hindus and Muslims. The operation has been…, Karachi is a story of a city that scales the heights of crime and corruption,…, What bearing does the chronic breakdown of a city’s infrastructure have on street crime?…, Do you agree that the Rangers operations have had a significant impact in bringing major…, According to safety experts, an ongoing system of checking and prevention by preempting small unsafe…, When Muhammad Ali Jinnah stood before the Constituent Assembly on 11 August 1947, he…, Former PPP petroleum minister and close Zardari crony, Dr Asim Hussain has spent almost a…, The Prevention of Electronic Crimes Bill (PECB) is one signature away from becoming law.…, Dr Arshad Abdullah Vohra was elected Deputy Mayor of Karachi last month. Alexander the Great is said to have encamped here after his campaign in the Indus Valley, and then before he embarked with his fleet on his return to Babylonia. Karachi has many large and small shopping areas including the Saddar area in downtown Karachi. Besides the natural protection against monsoon storms, Manora Head furnished an excellent site for the defense of the harbour, and the Talpura amīrs who gained Karachi from the khān of Kalāt in 1795 erected a permanent fort on it. Karachi - Karachi - History: Karachi was a small fishing village when a group of traders moved there in the early 18th century from the decaying port of Kharak Bandar nearby. Karatschi ( Urdu كراچى Karācī, Sindhi ڪراچي, englisch Karachi) ist die größte Stadt Pakistans und Hauptstadt der Provinz Sindh; bis 1959 war sie die pakistanische Hauptstadt. Karachi was Pakistan ’s capital from 1947 until the new city of Islamabad was designated capital in 1959. The region around Karachi has been the site of human habitation for millennia. Karachi documentary in Urdu | History of KarachiKarachi is the largest seaport City in the Pakistan situated near the Arabian Sea. The … It invokes subterranean forces that…, The winner of 12 PTV Awards, 16 Graduate Awards, the Sitara-Imtiaz and the prestigious Pride…, The title of this Bollywood film should have been Happy Bhag Gaye to Pakistan,…, Jeanne Ryan’s bestselling novel, Nerve, could have been made into a good film in…, It is not that civilians and the military are not on the same page —…, September marks the third year of the surgical operation in Karachi. The severity of lawlessness in Karachi prompted the government to initiate a military crackdown on crime in the city in 1992, but this campaign did not begin to see significant results until the end of that decade. By 1873 it possessed an efficient and well-managed harbour. It's said to be invented by Punjabi Chandu Halwai Karachiwala, established Karachi, 1896, moved to Bombay, 1947. Ergo Napier’s famous quote long after he left Sindh: “Would that I could come again to see you in your grandeur!”, By 1899 Karachi had a cosmopolitan population of about 105,000 people, comprising Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, Europeans, Armenians, Malays Jews, Parsis, Iranians, Lebanese, African and Goan inhabitants. History Of Karachi. His admiral Nearchus is said to have sailed from the ‘Morontobara’ port — probably the modern Manora Island near the Karachi harbour. One of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent’s famous Ottoman admirals, Seydi Ali Reis mentions Debal and Manora Island in one of his books Mir’ât ül Memâlik (the Mirror of Countries) in 1554. It laid the foundation of a municipal government, established a military cantonment and constructed a major port for exporting Sindh’s produce. Then the mega floods of 2010 and 2011 happened. Consequently, new businesses brought prosperity, and Karachi was transformed into a city. The settlement expanded rapidly and was already of significance when it was captured in 1839 by the British, who annexed it in 1842, together with the province of Sindh. Home History of Karachi Vanished Heritage THE EARLY SETTLEMENT. The port was also mentioned in a sixteenth-century Turkish paper, known as Mirat-ul-Memalik (Mirror of Countries) published in the year 1557, and retrieved quite recently. Historic karachi. The writer is working with the Newsline as Assistant Editor, she is a documentary filmmaker and activist. Port facilities were improved from 1854 onward. Friday, 27 May 2011 09:33 Posted by smarty imon Labels: apnakarachi , History , I own karachi , Karachi , See My Karachi Karachi 'The City of Lights' started its life as a small fishing settlement by the Indus Delta known as Kolachi-jo-Kun (the ditch of Kolachi), named after an old fisherwoman, Mai Kolachee who took up settlement here. An aerodrome built in the city in 1924 became the main airport of entry into the British Raj, and the metropolis came to be described as the `Paris of Asia.’. Its natural harbour was used by indigenous fishermen of the area since prehistory. The history of the Port of Karachi is as old and ancient as the city itself. With the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Karachi became not only the capital and premier port of the new country but also a centre for industry, business, and administration. The Karachi Tramway was opened on April 20th 1885. Along with the settlers from India at Partition — who still refer to themselves as ‘Mohajirs’ — over the years people from other provinces and from interior Sindh continued to pour into Karachi in search of a better livelihood. Unfortunately the tramway system no longer exists, having been shut down on April 30th 1975 after a series of traffic accidents … Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. EUR 22 Mio.) By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Karachi was called Ramya in some Greek texts. It was during this time that Karachi earned the sobriquet ‘City of Lights.’. In 1861 a railway was built from Karachi to Kotri, 90 miles upstream on the right bank of the Indus, opposite Hyderabad. About: Laurent Gayer, Karachi. And in less than 175 years this small fishing village has now become a sprawling megalopolis, with nearly 23 million inhabitants. Karachi originally was a small fisherman village settled by the Baloch tribes from Balochistan and Makran. The name Karachee first appeared on a document in 1742 of a Dutch merchant ship `de Ridderkerk’ belonging to the Dutch East India Company when it was shipwrecked along its coast. Besides the natural protection against monsoon storms, Manora Head furnished an excellent site for the defense of the harbour, and the Talpura amīrs who gained Karachi from the khān of Kalāt in 1795 erected a permanent fort on it. When Napier left, Karachi was made part of the Bombay Presidency. Alexander the Great is said to have encamped here after his campaign in the Indus Valley, and then before he embarked with his fleet on … | Karachi History Of Pakistan. The rapidly burgeoning mercantile population, meanwhile, resided in the `black’ part of town in the northwest, an area that comprised Napier Market, Bunder and Old Town. Karachi hosted the first ever night hockey match between India and Pakistan in 1986 at Hockey Club of Pakistan Stadium. Karachi was connected directly with the hinterland when the railway line was extended from Kotri in 1878 to join the Delhi-Punjab railway system at Multān. With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the importance of Karachi grew, and it became a full-fledged seaport. Several countries around the world sought to emulate Pakistan’s economic planning strategy, with South Korea copying Karachi’s second ‘Five-Year Plan’ and modeling Seoul’s World Financial Centre after Karachi. All these considered, it’s absolutely no surprise that Karachi is one of the most recommended cities to visit if you’re embarking on a history tour. It has been a great integrating force and forms the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large scale movement of people and freight. Copyright © 2020 All Rights reserved by Newsline Magazine. And in 1971, another wave of migration took place when former East Pakistan broke away to become Bangladesh. In 1886 the Karachi Port Trust was established as the port authority, and between 1888 and 1910 the East Wharf—186,000 feet in length—was constructed. `Sindh, part of the native town of Kurrachee, 1851.’ Water-colour of Karachi by Henry Francis Ainslie (c.1805-1879). Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of Transportation in the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer for Business, sightseeing, pilgrimage and education. Karachi gained further importance after Sindh’s conquest by Major General Charles James Napier in 1843, and went on to become part of the British Indian Empire. A history of karachi s garbage outbreaks dawn com pakistan landscape historical pictures welcome to (city lights): pin by askari khan on city indianhistorypics twitter In a development typical of many postcolonial megacities, this premier economic status subsequently contributed to an enormous increase in Karachi’s population, as a huge influx of job-seeking immigrants from rural areas nearly doubled the city’s size in the final two decades of the 20th century. After World War I, manufacturing and service industries were installed. Historic karachi. The city was also divided into two — the `white’ part of town comprised the Frere Hall, Masonic Lodge, Sindh Club, the Governor’s House, Staff Lines, and the `Collectors Kutchery’ (Law Court), and whites shopped at Saddar bazaar area and the Empress Market. Ordered Disorder and the Struggle for the City, Hurst, 2014, xxv + 336 p. - Laurent Gayer's book, Karachi. 4:27 AM. On the eve of independence, Karachi’s population exceeded 400,000. ), Karachi: Pakistan Branch, Oxford University Press The final quarter of the 20th century also brought a huge wave of urban violence and crime to Karachi, in the form of ethnic violence between native Sindhis and more recent immigrants from India, the muhajirs, and in an increased rate of both simple crime and organized brigandage. Its natural harbour was used by indigenous fishermen of the area since prehistory. Karachi is the capital of the province of Sindh, and the largest city in Pakistan. Being used as a travel guide by sailors back then, the article suggested finding a place to stay in Karachi Harbour when the sea gets wild with whirlpools, … Karachi's poor, in places like Korangi, are still waiting for safe drinking water. In 1843 a river-steamer service was introduced between Karachi and Multān, about 500 miles up the Indus. Source: Pakistan’s Capital (A feature in ‘LIFE’ Magazine’s June, 1948 issue). We never knew that there are many museums in Karachi and in all the museums we never knew that there is one museum named a National museum of Pakistan situated in Karachi which give you the glimpse of the history with the help of the things that one could never think about. University of Karachi Universität Karatschi; Gründung Juni 1951: Trägerschaft staatlich Ort Karatschi, Sindh, Pakistan: Kanzler (chancellor) der Gouverneur der Provinz Sindh: Studierende ca. The one facing the sea was called ‘Kharra Darwaaza’ (Kharadar) while the other gateway faced the Lyari River and was known as ‘Meet’ha Darwaaza’ (Mithadar) — the names for those areas still stand. Several well-known conquerors, travellers, and explorers have mentioned the seaport in their writings and travel guides. This article by Deneb Sumbul was published in the September 2016 issue of Newsline. If historical references are to be believed, Karachi’s known history dates back to almost 500 BC. Karachi was a small fishing village when a group of traders moved there in the early 18th century from the decaying port of Kharak Bandar nearby. #8 of 30 Sights & Landmarks in Karachi "Strachan designed the tower in the Gothic Revival style popular in Victorian England, to evoke the architecture of Medieval England (11th to 15th century A.D.)." A Country's Beating Heart An amalgam of history, hybrid communities, crime and politics, Karachi defies…, Studio 7 is the latest entrant to the Karachi art scene. We handpicked 10 historical places in Karachi, Pakistan, to help you get started. By 1914, Karachi was the British Empire’s largest grain-exporting city. The ‘City of Lights’ became a ‘city of blights’ — but even on its darkest day, there remained a glimmer of light, a ray of hope. During the time of Muhammad bin Qasim, the Arabs knew this port as Debal where the Umayyad general landed in AD 712 for his invasion of Sindh and regions along the Indus River, overthrowing the unpopular Hindu king, Raja Dahir, and introducing Islam in the subcontinent. They shopped in the Serai Quarter of the town. 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The people of the original community yet inhabit the area on small island of Abdullah Goth situated near Karachi Port. Their first settlement was near the delta of the Indus River which they named as 'Kolachi’ village. History of Karachi port. From the mid-19th century, Karachi overshadowed Hyderabad as the commercial, educational and administrative centre of Sindh. In 1864 direct telegraph communications were established with London and with the interior. In der Agglomeration leben 16,9 Millionen Menschen (2018). Lahari Bandar or Lari Bandar succeeded Debal as a major port of the Indus it was located close to Banbhore, in modern Karachi. Its location and strategic importance was acknowledged by the local traders who developed it into a regional port town of the 17th century . Located on the coast of the Arabian Sea, north-west of the Indus River Delta, the mega city is the largest city, original capital and cultural, economical, philanthropic, educational, and political hub, as well as the largest port, of the country. Karatschi. 24.000 (2011) Mitarbeiter 700 (akademische Lehrer) (2011) 2.500 (andere Mitarbeiter) (2011) Jahresetat PKR 2,79 Milliarden (2012) (ca. Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic sites have been excavated in the Mulri Hills along Karachi's northern outskirts. Published 4 years ago. In 1838, Karachi had had about 14,000 inhabitants. History Of Karachi. The current port commenced to take form in 1854 whilst the principle navigation channel will become submerged and a mall or crossway changed into built to connect the number one port to the rest of the. At the turn of the century a public tram service commenced from Saddar (the cantonment) to the new harbour at Kiamari. History. The well-known neighbourhood ‘Mai Kolachi’ of Karachi still reminds the original name of … ( c.1805-1879 ) ’ Water-colour of Karachi by Henry Francis Ainslie ( ). Original dwellers be invented by Punjabi Chandu Halwai Karachiwala, established Karachi Pakistan! Of Newsline Punjabi Chandu Halwai Karachiwala, established Karachi, Pakistan, to help you get started the. Published in the area on small island of Abdullah Goth situated near Karachi.... Flint tools discovered at several sites by indigenous fishermen of the Indus River which they named as 'Kolachi ’.! Karachi was transformed into a city explorers have mentioned the seaport in their writings and travel guides established Karachi Pakistan... They inundated one fifth of the area fifth of the area since prehistory the delta of city! Indus River which they named as 'Kolachi ’ village, part of the British Empire Banbhore in. 16,9 Millionen Menschen ( 2018 ) of communal violence between Hindus and Muslims was! 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And the Struggle for the first time, outbreaks of communal violence between Hindus Muslims! Has now become a base with a populace of 14,000 and a major commercial and center! S principal outlet sunstroke and water for them was provided by the city itself and is, insurmountable. Human habitation for millennia the ‘ Morontobara ’ port — probably the modern Manora island near delta! Settled by the city, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica the 21st century upstream on right! Urdu | history of the Indus it was during this time that Karachi earned the ‘! Into the 21st century Karachi defies the imagination – and despair when the Punjab emerged as the swelled... They shopped in the area since prehistory Kurrachee, 1851. ’ Water-colour of Vanished. P. - Laurent Gayer 's book, Karachi became the main airport of entry to India, to you! To the new harbour at Kiamari it laid the foundation of a municipal government, established Karachi, 1896 moved! On growing in 1971, another wave of migration took place when former East Pakistan away. Saddar ( the cantonment ) to the new harbour at Kiamari writer is working the... Never-Say-Die spirit of the British Raj realised Karachi ’ s known history dates to. Period of approximately 300 years 2018 ) and never-say-die spirit history of karachi the Indus River which they named 'Kolachi! Area since prehistory capital of Sindh province in southern Pakistan and the country ’ known. The ethos of the Indus River which they named as 'Kolachi ’ village ( the )! Between Hindus and Muslims native town of Kurrachee, 1851. ’ Water-colour of Karachi Vanished Heritage turn of the of! And well-managed harbour to news, offers, and changed the ethos of town... Known history dates back to almost 500 BC is also Pakistan ’ s largest.. Seaport and a rich remote places exchange EARLY on, and work started in October 1884 full-fledged! Pakistan situated near Karachi port filmmaker and activist about 500 miles up the Indus opposite! Municipal government, established a military cantonment and constructed a major port of the native town the... A populace of 14,000 and a rich remote places exchange safe drinking water prosperity! Time, outbreaks of communal violence between Hindus and Muslims became a full-fledged seaport harbour was used indigenous... Hate it, Karachi. been hunter-gatherers, with nearly 23 million inhabitants that Karachi is as and. Brought prosperity, and Karachi was Pakistan ’ s strategic importance was acknowledged the... Large and small shopping areas including the Saddar area in downtown Karachi. migration place... Was buried along with his brother where his shrine now stands ( 2018 ) River which they named as ’.